Entries Tagged as 'virus definitions'

The 22 Virus Definitions

For easy reference, here is the list by itself. Each link goes to a description and examples of the thought-mistake.

1. exaggerating
2. overgeneralizing
3. oversimplifying
4. extremism
5. overcertainty
6. negative guessing
7. self-defeating conclusions
8. false implications
9. choosing the worst possible explanation
10. false helplessness
11. false hopelessness
12. shoulds and musts
13. misplacing responsibility
14. focusing too narrowly
15. harmful judging
16. asking unanswerable questions
17. bias for confirmation
18. using emotions as evidence
19. dismissing facts
20. ignoring alternatives
21. assuming
22. negative bias

Find out how to use these to increase your persistence, restore your determination after a setback, and recover your lost motivation: Antivirus For Your Mind.

Negative Bias

Why would anyone focus on one negative aspect of a situation? Why would anyone dwell on the most upsetting aspect of the circumstances? Why would anyone think depressing thoughts, knowing those thoughts make them depressed? Do people want to feel bad?

No.

You, me, and everyone else is under the influence of four negative biases.

Really the driving force behind all 22 of the thought-mistakes are these negative biases. So let’s go into some detail about them right now, because they will help illuminate the rest of the virus definitions.

The four biases are:

1. The brain’s negative bias
2. Reality’s negative bias
3. Communication’s negative bias
4. The media’s negative bias

These four biases drain away your life force, much in the same way as a lamprey. A lamprey is a fish with a suction cup for a mouth that attaches itself to other fish and drinks their blood. When that fish is dead, the lamprey lets go and finds another fish. Learn more about lampreys here.

Lampreys are a good metaphor for the devastating impact negative emotions have on people. Negativity has a way of attaching itself to your mind, draining you of your health and ability — not metaphorically, but literally.

Negative emotions produce heart disease and strokes, encourage the development of cancer, and even weaken your bones. Negative ways of thinking and perceiving the world can take away your creativity, your persistence, and your ability to achieve your goals. Negative emotions undermine your relationships, ruin your sense of humor, and destroy your ability to solve problems. And they damage your ability to remember.

A negative bias is a lamprey of the mind, a deadly parasite, and this parasite uses your lifeblood, your energy, your mind, to breed and spread to other minds, using and destroying life force wherever it goes.

These are the four negative biases.

1. The brain: Your brain reacts more strongly to negative information than it does to positive information. Threatening images capture your attention more compellingly than pleasant images. When your mind isn’t otherwise engaged, it drifts randomly until an upsetting thought occurs. Then your mind will stop drifting and think about the thing that upsets you.

Because of the brain’s stronger reaction to (and greater fixation on) negative images and thoughts, the naturally-occurring thought-mistakes brains are prone to make produce a pessimism, cynicism, and defeatism, all three of which are self-defeating and counterproductive. Read more about the brain’s negative bias.

2. Communication: Because of the media and the pressures of social interaction, negativity has become chic. For social reasons, people you talk to will often withhold good news and share bad news. And a prominent topic of everyday conversations has an inevitably negative tone: talking about grievances. You and everyone else on this planet are compelled by your own biology to gossip — to share your complaints about other people, to listen to complaints about other people, and to sympathize with the complainer.

On top of all this, your most significant goals are likely to be stomped on my well-meaning friends and family.
This makes any conversation an opportunity for lampreys to invade your mind. Read more about communication’s negative bias.

3. Reality: It is usually easier to notice and remember something going wrong than something going right. This leads to pessimistic (and false) conclusions like, “My boss is always on my back,” or “My wife never wants to do what I want to do.”

Reality’s negative bias works in several different ways. Sometimes no matter what decision you make, things will turn out badly. Under certain circumstances, the cut-throat behavior of others encourages nice people to be more cut-throat just because of the nature of reality.

To make all this even worse, once reality shows its negative bias, it is natural to form negative conclusions that then function like self-fulfilling prophesies as your mind automatically seeks evidence to confirm your conclusions. Result: A tendency to become more pessimistic, cynical, and defeatist as you get more experience dealing with reality. Read more about realities negative bias.

4. Media: Because of the brain’s negative bias — combined with the intense competition between stations — producers and advertisers constantly exploit your natural reaction to threats of danger. The unfortunate side-effect is the airwaves are filled with hour upon hour of pessimism-producing programs.

And they use all the know-how at their disposal (which is considerable) to keep you glued to the set longer than you want to be, absorbing a distorted view of the world as a far more dangerous and depressing place than it really is. Read more about the media’s negative bias.

The negative biases function like a lamprey of on your mind, draining you of life — sapping your strength and determination, impairing your health, and weakening your ability.

You obviously care about having a good attitude. Let us destroy the lamprey of the mind and bring back the determination, the positive attitude, the openness, the love, the accomplishment, the self-expression that was once native to our minds.

Begin here: Antivirus For Your Mind

Assuming

Of course most of the thought-mistakes fall into the general category of “assuming.” But it is a good thing to look for on its own. Everybody knows assuming is a dangerous business, and everyone does it anyway. It is hard to catch yourself doing it, because of course, you assume what you assume to be true is true. What is there to catch?

Throughout your personal history, some of your biggest mistakes probably stemmed from an assumption you made that was wrong. And through human history in general, you can easily see the march of progress as the continual and accelerating discovery that one assumption after another was wrong.

The medical treatment of George Washington is a good example. You could say he died of a tragic confidence in assumptions. It started out as a sore throat. Washington had caught a cold. So he was treated with the usual procedure: Bloodletting. Why was that the usual procedure? Because Galen recommended it sixteen hundred years before, and Galen was so well-known and well-respected, and his practices and theories were so well-established, the doctors in Washington’s time assumed Galen must be right.

Of course it didn’t help. In fact, his condition got worse and he began having trouble breathing. He was famous and wealthy, so he was ministered by the “best” doctors. They put ground beetles on his throat to cause blisters (in order to pull out “bad vapors”). Then they gave him laxatives to purge his bowels. They also kept up the bloodletting for several days.

Not surprisingly, Washington went into a coma and then died. He died of assumption.

Ignoring Alternatives

Usually several factors influence the outcome of any given event. You may have latched onto the most demoralizing factor and decided that’s what caused it. Look for alternative (and equally likely) influencing factors. The more you find, the less demoralizing any one of them will be.

As Seligman wrote: If you did poorly on a test, many factors could have contributed to that outcome. You may have been tired, the test might have been unusually difficult, the other students might have done exceptionally well (thus raising the grading curve), you might not have studied as much as you should have, the professor might have graded unfairly, you might not be very smart, and so on.

All of those are possible causes of the setback (your poor grade is the setback in this case). Some people leap to the most demoralizing conclusion and fixate on that, ignoring the other causes, debilitating themselves and feeling bad when it was entirely avoidable (and penalty-free).

That was a lot to pack into one paragraph, so let me explain it a little better. First, you hit a setback, which means something didn’t go the way you’d hoped. And you feel let down by it. You feel demoralized. The bad feeling causes you to focus on whatever explanation for the setback popped into your head first. Usually this will be the most dire explanation. You focus on that one and ignore the fact that many different causes influenced how things turned out. Many of those other causes wouldn’t make you feel so bad, but you are ignoring them.

For example, I create a blog and I write stuff, and I can see more and more people coming to my site, and everything is great, and all of a sudden my traffic starts to go DOWN! This is a setback. And I feel upset. I think to myself, “They’ve all come and looked at my site and rejected it. I am a lousy blogger.” I ignore several other possible influencing factors like this is a holiday weekend or random variation or the photo of Paris Hilton I keep putting on every blog post. I am fixated on my dire and catastrophic explanation for my setback, and it sends me into a deep depression. Why? Because I have committed the thought-mistake of ignoring alternatives. The virus has infected my mind.

What should I do? Why, of course: Put myself right with the antivirus for the mind and restore my determination as quickly as possible.